Navigational position indicator



Sept 1942- J. H. HAMMOND. JR 2,296,032

NAVIGATIONAL POSITION INDICATOR Filed Feb. 23, 1938 6 Sheets-Sheet l Edge 5 INVENTOR JOHN HAYS HAMMOND JR.

h /wv c/ ATTO R N EY Sept. 15, 12. J. H. HAMMOND. JR

' mvxeuxomr, rosxmou mmcmon Filed Feb. 23, 1938 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 46 173 warm REPEATER 50 REPEATER 28 :2 21

REPEA TFR REPEA TER ELECTRIC 7 [H0702 NVENTQR J OHN' HAYS, HAM MONDJR.

ATTORNEY P 19421 J. H. HAMMOND. JR 2,296,032

NAVIGATIONAL POSITION INDICATOR 7 Filed Feb. 23, 1938 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 a RAD/0 FREQUENCY RECE/I/[R 151 AND DETECTOR 500-FREOUENCY 400- FREQUENCY 600-FREOUENCY 153 /-'/L TER F/L TER 156 F/L TER AND AMPL/F/ER A/VD AMPLIFIER AND AMPLIFIER 1/82 INVENTOR TRANSMITTER 7% JOHN HAYS HAMMONDJR ATTO R N EY Sept, 15, 1942. J. H. HAMMOND. JR ,296,032

NAVIGATIONAL POSITION INDICATOR Filed Feb. 23, 1938 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR JOHN HAYS 'HAMMONDJR av'y gg ATTORNEY Sept 1942- J. H. HAMMOND. JR 2,296,032

NAVIGATIONAL POS ITION INDICATOR Filed Feb. 23, 1938 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 o ma 600* 700* 263 RAD/0 T H [Pl/DIVE TRANSMITTER Y Lu i I i 368 R 5 INVENTOR JOHN HAYS HAMMOND JR.

BYKZ

ATTORNEY angle, speed and s Arss PATENT .orric NAVIGATIONAL POSITION ICATOR John Hays Hammond, Jr., Gloucester,

signor to Radio Qorporation of America, York, N. Y., a corporation Delaware Masa, as-

New

Application February 23, 1938, Serial No. 191,898

Claims.

This invention relates to navigational position revealing systems and more particularly to a system for determining the position of one craft with respect to another.

The invention provides means for locating the position of a craft by the use of a direction finding system and an improved means for determining the direction of travel, speed and distance of said craft.

The purpose of this invention is to enable the navigator of a vessel approaching another vessel to ascertain the bearings of the other vessel with respect to his ship, the compass course the other vessel is following, the rate of travel of the other vessel and its distance from his ship.

The invention also provides means for automatically keeping an indicating means in synchronism with the card of a magnetic compass. The invention also consists in certain new and original features of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter set forth and claimed. Although the novel features which are believed to be characteristic of this invention will be particularly pointed out in the claims appended hereto, the invention itself, as to its objects and advantages, the mode of its operation and the manner of its organization may be better understood by referring to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings forming a part thereof, in which Fig, 1 is a top plan view of one embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a top plan view. of a magnetic compass equipped with a photo-electric angle transmitting system; I

Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation taken on line 3-3 of Fig. l and a front elevation of Fig. 2, in functional relationship;

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view of the radio receiving means, course angle determining, speed revealing, and distance indicating means used in connection with Figs, 1-3;

Fig. 5 is a fragmental sectional on line 5-5 of Fig. 1; I

Fig. 6 is a sectionalelevation taken on l ne 6-5 elevation taken of Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic view showing the positions of the two vessels relative to each other; Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic view of the radio transmitting means for determining the course distance of the various vessels;

Fig. 9 is a front elevation of part of the mechanism shown in Fig. 8;

1 Fig. 10 is a view of the submerged means for rotating the mechanism shown in Fig, 9;

mining means used in connection with Figs. 1-3.

Like reference characters denote like parts in the several figures of the drawings.

In the following description and in the claims parts will be identified by specific names for convenience, but they areintended to beas generic in their application to similar parts as the art will permit,

Referring to the accompanying drawings and more particularly to Figs. 1 to 3, one embodiment of the invention comprises a casing II to which is secured a cover plate I2. This plate is provided with a circular opening l3 and three rectangular openings I5, l6 and I1. A dial |8, on which is engraved the degrees of a circle, is located around the circular opening i3, the zero line IQ of which represents the so-called lubber line of the primary vessel, indicated at 2| in Fig. 7.

Mounted in the casing H is an H-shaped frame 22 (see Fig. 3). Rotatably mounted in the frame 22 is a shaft 23 to the lower end of which is secured a gear 25 and to the upper end 'a pointer 26. The gear 25 meshes with a pinion 21 secured to the end of the shaft of an electrical repeater 28, which is mounted on the frame 22. The repeater 28 is connected to one end of a four wire cable 29.

' Rotatably mounted on the shaft 23 is a gear 3| provided with a hub 32. Rotatably mounted on the hub 32 is a second gear 33 to which is secured an annular ring 35, which fits in the circular hole |3 in the plate |2. The ring 35 has engraved. thereon an arrow 36 which indicates I nular ring 35. Meshing with the gear 3| is a pinion 39 secured to the end of the shaft of an electrical repeater ll which is mounted on the frame 22. four wire cable 42 to a junction box 43.

Meshing with the gear 33 is a pinion 45 secured to the shaft of an electrical repeater 48 which is mounted on the ear 3|. The repeater 46 is connected by a four wire cable 41 to four slip rings 48 to 5| of conducting material which are mounted on a, commutator 52 of insulating 55 material which is secured to the hub 32. Engag- The repeater II is connected by a ing the four slip rings 48 to 5| are four brushes 55 to 58 mounted on a block 59 of insulation which is secured to the frame 22. The four brushes 55 to 58 are connected to the four wires of a cable 60.

Secured to the frame 22 are two hubs 62 and 63 upon which are rotatably mounted two drums 65 and 66 respectively provided with numerals 61 and 68 representing the speeds of the primary vessel 2I and the secondary vessel 31 respectively. These drums are visible'through the openings l5 and I6. Fastened to the drums 65 and 66 are two gears 69 and 10, which mesh with two pinions 12 and 13 secured to the shafts of two electrical repeaters. 15 and 16, which are mounted in the casing I I. The repeaters 15 and 16 are connected to two four wire cables 11 and 18 respectively.

Secured to the frame 22 is a hub 80 (see Fig. 5) upon which is rotatably mounted a drum 8| provided with numerals 82 representing the distance of the secondary vessel 31 from the primary vessel 2I. This drum is visible through the opening I1. Fastened to the drum 8| is a gear 83 which meshes with a pinion 84, secured to the shaft of an electrical repeater 85, which in turn is connected to a four wire cable 86.

Mounted in any suitable part of the ship is a magnetic compass 89, the dial of which is divided into two semicircular sectors; 90 of white material and 9| of black material. These two sectors meet at two lines 92 and 93, the former being the north point of the compass card and the latter being the south point. The bowl 95 of the compass 89 is suspended in the usual gimbal ring 96 which is pivoted to the compass bowl 95 at 91 and to two uprights 98 at 99. The uprights 98 are supported on a base plate IN.

A vertical frame I02 is secured to the compass bowl 95 and is provided at its lowest portion with a heavy weight I03 for counterbalancing the apparatus presently to be described. Rotatively mounted in the frame I02 is a shaft I05 which is provided with a collar I06 pinned thereto, which prevents it from sliding downward through the frame I02. Secured to the shaft I05 is a commutator I01 made of insulating mate-' rial and provided with two slip rings of conducting material I08 and I09. Engaging'these slip rings are two brushes III and H2 which are mounted upon a block of insulating material II3 which is secured to the frame I02.

Secured to the lower end of the shaft I05 is an arm 5 (Fig. 2) to the end of which is secured a cross member II6. Secured to this cross member are two cone shaped receptacles H1 and II8, the lower ends being open and forming somewhat elongated slots. Mounted in each of these receptacles are two lenses H9 and I20. At the upper ends of these receptacles are located a source of illumination I 2| connected to a battery I22 and a photo-electric cell I23. The ele-' ments of this cell are connected to the slip rings I08 and I09 of the commutator I01.

The brushes vIII and H2 are connected to a sensitive relay I25 which is operated directly by the action of light on the photo-electric cell I23 which may be of the type which operates a relay without the use of any external source of power. If found desirable, however, a battery could be inserted in the circuit to improve the operation of the relay I25. The contacts of the relay I25 are included in a circuit comprising.

a solenoid I26 and a battery I21. The core I28 75 of the solenoid I26 is provided with a collar I29. Between this collar and the solenoid is a coil spring I30 tending normally to keep the core I28 extended. This core is in engagement with arm I3I of a double pole double throw reversing switch I32. This switch operates in a well known manner to reverse the rotation of a motor I33 nlgch is supplied with energy from a battery Attached to the shaft of the motor I33 is a pinion I35 which engages with a gear wheel I36 secured to the end of the shaft I05. Meshing with the gear I36 is a pinion I31 which is secured to the shaft of an electrical transmitter I38. This transmitter is connected by a four wire cable I39 to the junction box 43. From this Junction box extend two four wire cables, each of which is connected to the four wires in the cable I39, one being the four wire cable 42 and the other being a four wire cable I.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 4, a diagrammatic layout is shown of the receiving systems, switch mechanisms and timing devices used in conjunction with apparatus depicted in Figs. 1 to 3.

At I is designated a receiving antenna which is connected to the input circuit of a radio receiver and detector I5I which may be of any well known and standard construction and which therefore need not be more fully described herein. The receiver I5I is connected by branch conductors I52 to three filters and amplifiers, I53, I55 and I56 which are tuned to 500 cycles,- 400 cycles, and 600 cycles respectively. The output circuits of these amplifiers are connected to three relays I51, I58 and I59. The contact circult of the relay I51 includes'a relay I6I and a 'battery I62. The contact circuit of the relay I58 includes a battery I63 and three relays I65, I66, and I 61. The contact circuit of the relay I59 includes a battery I68 and a relay I69. A relay "I is located adjacent the relay I65 and its winding is connected to a circuit including a battery I12 and two conductors I13 and I14 which are connected to the contacts ofa push button I15 which is located in the cover plate I2. (Fig. 3.)

Between the relays Ill and I65 is pivoted an armature I16, between the relays I 6| and I66 is pivoted an armature I11 and between the relays I69 and I61 is pivoted an armature I18. Three springs I19, I and I8I are connected to the armatures I16, I11 and I18 and tend to hold these armatures in either the right or left-hand positions, as in a snap switch.

Mounted on a base I82 is a motor I85 driven at a predetermined very constant speed by any suitable source of power not shown. To the shaft of this motor is attached a worm I86 which meshes with a worm wheel I81. This gear is secured to one end of a shaft I88 which is supported in a bearing I69 attached to the base I 82. To the other end of the shaft I88 is secured a beveled pinion I9I which meshes with two other beveled pinions I 92 and I93 which in turn mesh with a fourth beveled :pinion I94.

The beveled pinion I94 is attached to one end V of a shaft I 96, to the other end of which is secured a clutch member I91. The .shaft I96 has a bearing in a bracket I secured to the base I82. Located adjacent to the clutch member I91 is a second clutch member I96 which is slidably lbllt not rotatably secured to a shaft I99, which has a bearing in a bracket 20I fastened to the base I82. The secondary clutch member I98 is provided with a slotted hub 202. Located in the at of this hub are two pins 203 which are-mounton a Y-shaped arm 204 rotatably mounted on block 205 secured to the base I82. Pivoted to ie otherend of the arm 204 is the core of a )lenoid 201, between which and the solenoid 201 a coil spring 299, which tends to keep the secndary clutch member 198 out of engagement 'lth the primary clutch member 891 Secured to the end of the shaft I99 is a circular late 208 which is provided with a pin 209 which ,ormally engages a stop 210 secured to the base 82 (see Fig. 6). Between the bracket 20! and he plate 2081s mounted a spiral psring 252 (see Hg. 6), one end of which is secured to a pin 213 astened to the bracket 20!. The other end of he spiral spring 212 is secured to the shaft 199.

Located adjacent to and in line with the prinary plate 208 is a secondary plate 215 which s secured to a shaft 2B8 which is mounted for rotation in a bracket 211. Secured to the plate H is a pin 214. Located between the plate 2l5 and the bracket M1 is a spiral spring 2H8 one end it which is attached to a pin 2l9, which is secured to the bracket 211. The other end of the spiral spring 218 is secured to the shaft 218. L0- cated adjacent to the plate 215 is a solenoid 221 which is supported on a. bracket 222 secured to the base I82. Secured to the core of the solenoid 221 is a brake member 223, which normally eneases the periphery of the plate 2l5. Between the brake shoe 223 and the, solenoid 221 is located a spiral spring 225 for holding the brake shoe against the plate 215. Secured to the end of the shaft 218 is a gear 226 which engages a pinion 221 secured to a shaft 228 which is mounted for rotation in the bracket 2l1. To the end of the shaft 228 is fastened a vane 229. Meshing with the gear 226 is asecond pinion 23l which is mounted on the shaft of an electrical angular transmitter 232. This transmitter is connected to the otherend of the cable 86 depicted in Fig. 3 and Fig. 5.

The pinions 192 and I93 drive identical mechanisms to the one just described, except that they rotate in the opposite directions. Two clutches 235 and 236 correspond to the clutch 191-198 and are operated by solenoids 231 and 238 respectively. Two pairs of plates 239--240 and 241-242 correspond to the plates 208 and 215. Two pins 245 246 correspond to the pin 210. Two pins 241 and 248 are mounted in the plates spectively and correspond to the pin 209. Two ,pins 249 and 250 are mounted on the plates 240 and 242 respectively and correspond to the pin 2l4. Two brake solenoids 25l and 252 correspond to the solenoid 22 1. Two electrical angular transmitters 253 and 254 232. The transmitter 253 is connected to the other end of the four wire cable 18 (see Fig. 3) and the transmitter 254 is connected to the other end of the four wire cable 60 (see Fig. 3).

A battery 260 is provided for supplying power necessary to operate the various angle transmitting systems and is connected in circuit with one of the wires in each of the four wire cables 29, 60, 11, 18, 86 and I39.

The electrical transmitters and receivers referred to in this description may be of any well known type, such for example as those shown in Figs. 18 to 21 of my Patent No. 1,431,140 issued October 3, 1922.

InFig. 8 is depicted diagrammatically a scheme for transmitting from one vessel to the other the necessary information regarding the direction of one vessel from the other, the course of the 239 and 2 re-.

vessel with respect to the points of the compass and also to the centerline of'the other vessel, the speed of the vessel, and the distance between the vessels.

For accomplishing this purpose, a radio transmitter 262 is shown which may be of any well known or standard construction which need not This transmitter aerial 263. The

be more fully described herein. is connected to any suitable transmitter 262 is connected to a system of tone producers 284 by means of a transformer 265. The tone producing circuits comprise four tone sources 268, 261, 288 and 289 which may be of any well known and standard construction which need not be more fully described herein. The circuit 266 produces a tone of 400 cycles, the circuit 261 a. tone of 500 cycles, the circuit 268 a tone of'600 cycles, and the circuit 269 a tone of 100 cycles. The tone circuits 286 to 268 are inductively coupled through three transformers 212 to 214 to the armatures of three relays 216 to 218. The contacts of these relays are connected to taps on three resistors 28! to 283. The tone circuit 289 is inductively coupled through a transformer 215 to one side of a switch 219, the other side of which is connected to a tap on a resistor 284. One end of each of the resistors 28I to 284 is connected to one end of the primary of the,

transformer 285. The other ends of these resistors are connected to one pole of a double throw single pole switch 285, the blade of which is connected to the other end of the primary of the transformer 265. The other pole of the switch 285 is connected through a telephone transmitter 286 and a battery 281 to one side of the primary of the transformer 265.-

Mounted on a base 290 of conducting material is a motor 29l which is driven at the same constant speed as the motor I85 of Fig. 4 by any suitable source of power. To the shaft of this motor is attached a worm 292 which meshes with a worm wheel 293. Secured to the worm wheel 293 is a shaft 295 shown in dotted lines. This shaft has hearings in brackets 298 and 291 which are secured to the base 290. Secured to the two ends of the shaft 295 are two primary clutch members 298 and 299 of two clutches 300 and 3M. These clutches are provided with secondary clutch members 302 and 303 which are slidably but not rotatably mounted upon two shafts 305 and 308 of conducting material. These shafts are rotatably mounted in brackets 301 and 308 also of correspond to the transmitter I conducting material which are secured to the base 290. The secondary clutch members 302 and 303 have secured thereto two hubs 309 and 3l0 which are provided with slots 3| I and 3I2. These slots are engaged by pins 315 and 3; which are mounted in Y-shaped arms 3" and 3|8. These arms 3l1 and 3l8 are pivoted to blocks 3l9 and 320 which are secured to the base 290. Pivotally connected to the two arms 3H and 318 are the cores of two solenoids 32l and 322. Between the cores of these solenoids and the solenoids themselves are mounted two springs 325 and 326 which tend to hold the clutches 300 and 301 in disengagement.

Secured to the end of the shaft 305 is an arm 325 of conducting material on which is mounted a metallic wire 326. A spring. 321 which is similar to the spring 218 in Fig. 6 is secured at one end to a pin 328 which is mounted on the bracket agement with a stop 329 which is mounted on the base 290.

A shaft 331 is rotatably mountedin a bracket 332 which is secured to the base 290. Fastened to the shaft 381 is a. gear 333 which meshes with a pinion 334 which is mounted on the shaft of an electrical transmitter 335; This transmitter is connected to the end of the four wire cable 141 (see Fig. 3). Secured. to, but insulated from the gear 333 is an arm 331 of conducting material, which is provided with a V-shaped contact point 338. Engaging the, hub of the arm 331 is a brush 339 which is mounted on a bracket of insulating material 341 secured to the base 290.

Mounted on the base290 is a motor 345, to the shaft of which is attached a worm 346 which meshes with a worm wheel 341. The worm wheel 341 is attached to a, shaft348 of conducting material which is mounted in a bearing 349 of conducting material secured to the base 290. A

' collar 351 is secured tothe shaft 348 to hold the worm wheel 341 in place. Mounted on the worm wheel 341 is a cylindrical commutator 352 of insulating material in which is inserted a segment 353 of conducting material which is connected to the worm wheel 341. Engaging the commutator 352 is a brush 355 of conducting material which is secured to the end of a shaft 356 also of conducting material. This shaft is slidably mounted ina bracket 351 of insulating material. Between the brush 355 and the bracket 351'is a coil spring 358 tending to keep the brush 355 in engagement with the commutator 352.

Secured to the shaft 306 is an arm 360' (see Fig. 9) to one end of which is attached a weight 359. A pin 361 is secured to, but insulated from,

the other end of the arm 360. An extension 362 forms part of the bracket 308. Attached to this extension is a pin 363 which limits the upward motion of the arm 360. I

A governor 364 is provided, the driving shaft 365 of which is rotatably mounted in the bracket 308. To the lower end of the shaft 365 is secured a beveled pinion 366 which meshes with a second beveled pinion 361. The beveled pinion 361 is secured to the end of a shaft 368 which is rotatably mounted in a bracket 369. Secured to the shaft 368 is a heavy fly wheel 311. To the other end of the shaft 368 is secured a propeller 369, which is immersed in the water in which the vessel is traveling, the shaft 368 being of sufficient length and flexibility to allow the propeller to trail behind the vessel a considerable distance.

Secured to' the upper end of the shaft 365 is a head 311 which is provided with arms 312. To these arms are pivoted two links 313, the other ends of which are pivotally connected to heavy weights 315. To these weights are also pivoted two links 316, the other ends of which are pivoted to two arms 311 mounted on a sleeve 318 which slides on the shaft 365. This sleeve is provided with a groove 319 which is engaged by two pins 381, secured to a Y-shaped arm 382 which is rotatably mounted upon the shaft 306. Secured to the other end of the arm 382 are two curved members 385 and 386, the

former made of white material and the latter made of black material.

Secured to a bracket 381 which is mounted on the base 290 are two pins 388 and 389. Rotatably mounted on these pins are grooved pulleys 391 and 392. Located inthe grooves of these pulleys is an arc-shaped member 393 which is provided on its outer side with gear 1 side of 1 which is teeth 394. These teeth engage the teeth of a pinion 395, which is rotatably mounted on a shaft 396, secured to the bracket 381. Fastened to the pinion 395 is a gear 391 which meshes with a pinion 398 secured to the shaft of an electrical transmitter 399. This transmitter is connected to the end of the four wire cable 11. (See Fig. 3.)

secured to the member 393 are two cone shaped receptacles 401 and 402 which are similar in construction to the cone shaped receptacles 111 and 118 shown in Fig. 3. The receptacle 401 is provided with a source of illumination and a lense for focusing the light on the members 305 and 386 and the receptacle 402 is provided with a photo-electric cell and lense for focusing the light reflected from the members 385 and 386 to the photo-electric cell. This photo-electric cell is connected by conductors 403 and 404 to a relay, solenoid and reversing switch, which are contained in a box 405 and which are similarin construction to'the relay 125, solenoid 126, and the reversing switch E32 shown in Fig. 3. A four wire cable 406 connects thereversingswitch in the box 405 to a motor 401 which is similar in construction to the motor 133 shown in Fig. 3. To the shaft of the motor 4111 is secured pinion 408 which meshes with the gear 394 on the segment 393.

A battery 411 is provided (see Fig. 8). one grounded at 412 to the base material. The other side of connected to one side of the 290 of conducting the battery411 is windings of four and is also connected to one side of the windings of the relays 216, 211, and 218. Between the relays 413 and 414 and between the relays 415 and 416 are mounted two armatures 4'11 and 418 respectively which are pivoted at 419 and 420. Two springs 422v and 423 are connected from points on the armatures 411 and 418 to two pins 425 and 426 secured to the base 290. The armatures 411 and 418 are made of conducting material but are insulated from the base 290 as shown.

The rod 356 is connected by a flexible conductor 421 to the winding of the relay 216 and also to the windings of the relays 414 and 416 and to the winding of a solenoid 421 by means of a conductor 424. (See Fig. 11.) The other side of the winding of the solenoid 421 is connected by a conductor 430 to the battery 411. The solenoid 421 is operatively connected to a steam valve 434 controlling the whistle of the vessel so that when the solenoid is energized the whistle will be sounded.

The brush 339 (Fig. 8)

contact 428 and to one side of the winding of the relay 415. A second contact 429 is connected to the winding of the relay 211. Two contacts 431 and 432 are connected through a battery 433 to the solenoid 32l.

. The pin 361 (Figs. 8 and 9) is connected by a flexible conductor 435 to one side of the relay 413 and also to a contact 436. A contact 431 is connected to the winding of the relay 218. Two contacts 438 and 439 are connected through a battery 441 to the winding of the solenoid 322.

Referring to Fig. 12 there is shown a standard type of direction finder which consists of the usual loop 451 mounted on an axis 452 which has bearings in a frame 453. This frame is secured to any suitable support 455 which is attached to the framework of the vessel.

is connected to a relays 413, 414, 415, and 416 "ceive the 706 cycle frequency produced by the oscillator 269 shown in 8 and transmitted by the antenna 263. The output of the receiver 465 is connected to a pair of head phones or other suitable translating device 466.

Secured to the shaft 452 is a gear 461 which meshes with a pinion 466 fastened to a shaft 469 which has bearings in the frame 453. A suitable handle 41I is secured to the end of the shaft 469. Also meshing with the gear 461 is a pinion 412 carried by the shaft of an electrical transmitter 413 which is connected to the end of the cable 29 shown in Fig. 3.

Referring again to Fig. 7, the primary and secondary vessels 2| and 31 respectively are shown proceeding on their courses 486 and 481, which in this particular case are taken to be due south and an angle designated by the numeral 482 east of south. The line 483 is drawn parallel to the course 48| of the vessel 31 and makes an angle designated by the numeral 485 with the course of the vessel 2| equal to the angle 482. The line .486 depicts the distance between the vessels 2| and 31 and the angle this line makes with the course 466 of the vessel 2| is designated by the numeral 461.

In the invention "just described it is assumed that both the vessels 2| and 31 are equipped with identical apparatus as described in connection with Figs. 1 to 12. For simplicity it has been assumed that both vessels are transmitting the 400, 500, 600 and I cycles, butin practice it may be found desirable to have one vessel transmit these frequencies, while the other transmits another set of frequencies such as 800, 900, 1000 and 1100 cycles. In this case of course the first vessel will have to have its receivers tunedto these frequencies.

In the operation of the invention just described the tone systems 266 to 269 shown in Fig. 8 are running continuously, producing frequencies of 400, ly. The switches 219 so that the 100 cycle frequency is transmitted by the antenna 263. This 700 cycle and 285 are normally closed frequency transmitted from the vessel 31 will be received by the loop antenna 45| (see Fig. 12) on the vessel 2|. The energy thus received will be amplified by the receiver 465 and will be heard in the head phones 466 by the man operating the loop 45| as a 700 cyclenote. He will then manipulate the handle 41I so as to receive a minimum signal in the usual manner of direction finding. In doing so, he will cause the transmitter 413 to rotate the repeater 28 (Fig. 3) so as to turn the gear 25 in synchronism with the gear 461, thereby turning the pointer 26 in synchron ism with the loop 45|, thus causing the pointer 26 to point in the direction of the vessel 31. The pointer 26 will, therefore, make an angle designated by the numeral 496 (Fig. 1) with the center line (direction of travel) of the vessel 2 I. This angle will be the same as the angle 461 shown in Fig. 7. It is thus seen that the pointer 26 on the 506, 600 and '100 cycles per second respectivecontinuously I aeoaosa l Secured to the shaft 452 is a commutator 456 vessel 2| will indicate to the captain the direction in which the vessel 31 lies.

The'motor 345 on the vessel 31 (Fig. 8) slowly I rotates the commutator 352 so that at predetermined intervals, such for example as five minutes, the contact 353 will engage the brush 355. This will close a circuit fromthe battery 4 to the plate 266 at the ground 4 I 2, thence through the conducting bracket 349, shaft 348, gear 341, contact 353, brush355, conductor 421 through the winding of the relay 216 to the other side of the battery 4| A circuit will also be closed from the conductor 421 through the windings of the relays H6 and M4 and the solenoid 42I to the lit-{battery 4 (Figs. 8 and 11) This will cause enrgization of the relay 216 which will close the circuit from the tone source 266, thus producing a signal of 460 cycles frequency which will be radiated from the antenna 263 on the vessel 31.

The closing of the circuits through the solenoid 42I and the two relays H6 and 4 I4 will cause the whistle of the vessel 31 to be sounded and the two armatures M6 and 4" to be snapped up into engagement with their contacts.

The armature 8 will close a circuit from the battery 433 through the solenoid 32I and. the armature 4" will close a circuit from the battery I through the solenoid 322. The energization of the two solenoids 32I and 322 will cause the engagement of the clutches 366 and 36I which in turn will start the arms 325 and 366 slowly rotating at a predetermined speed, which is determined by the speed of the motor 29| on the vessel 31 which is running at the same speed as the motor I65 (Fig. 4) on the vessel 2|.

The 400 cycle energy radiated by the antenna 263 on the vessel 31 will be picked up by the antenna I56 on the vessel 2|. This energy will be amplified by the radio frequency receiver and detector I5I and will be selected by the 400 cycle filter and amplifier I55 where it will be further amplified and will cause theenergization of the relay I56. This will close a circuit from the battery I63 through the windings of the relays I65, I66, and I51, thus energizing these three relays which will cause the armatures I16, I11, and I16 to be snapped to the right. This will cause the energization of the solenoids 261, 22I, 238, 252, 231 and 25|. The energization of the solenoids 261, 236 and 231 will in turn cause the engageand 239 in the direction of the arrows on these plates.

The energization of the solenoids 22I, 252, and

25| will release the brakes from the plates 2|5, 242 and 246 allowing them to be rotated in the direction of the arrows under the action of .the springs attached thereto as shown for example in Fig. 6. The speed of rotation of these plates will be slowed down due to the action of the vanes 229;, 229' and 229". This will cause a slow rotation of the gears 226, 226 and 226", which in turn will cause .the transmitters 232, 254 and 253 to be slowly rotated, this motion being transmitted through the cables 66, 66 and 18 to the repeaters 65, 46 and 16 (Figs. 5 and 3). This will cause the gears 83, 33, and'16 to be slowly rotated, which in turn will cause a slow rotation of the drum 8|, ring 35, and drum 66.

This action will continue until the plate 2I5 (Fig. 4) has rotated va suiiicient amount in the direction of the arrow to cause'the pin 2 to this occurs, the pin 200 will drive the plate 2I5 in the opposite direction at a speed determined by the speed of the motor I85. This, by means of the transmitter .232 and repeater 85, will cause the drum 8| to reverse its motion. Similar actions will take place in regard to the plates 242 and 24| and the plates 240 and 239 so that the ring 35 and drum 66 will also reverse their motions.

The position of the arm 331 (Fig. 8) and therefore of the contact 338 is determined by the course of the vessel 31 with respect to the points of the compass. In the present instance the angle that the arm 331 makes with its zero position, which would bein line with the arm 325 when it is resting against the stp,329, is the angle designated by the numeral 484 between north and the course 48I of the vessel 31, as shown in Fig. '1.

As previously stated the am 325 on vessel 31 started slowly rotating at the instant that the 400 cycle frequency was radiated by the antenna 263. This rotation of the arm continues until the wire 326 engages the contact 338, thus closing a circuit from the battery 4| I through the plate 290, bracket 301, arm 325, wire 326, contact 338, brush 339, contact 428, armature 4I8, contact 429, relay 211 back to the battery 4| I. This will energize the relay 211 which will cause 500 cycle energy to be transmitted by the antenna 263. At the same time, .the circuit will be closed from the brush 330'through the relay M5 to the battery 4| I. The relay 4I5, however, is slow acting 50 that it will allow time for a definite length of 500 cycle impulse to be transmitted by the antenna 263 before the contacts 428 and 429 are opened, thus cleenergizing the relay 211 and terminating the 500 cycle impulse. The time interval between the sending of the 400 and 500 cycle impulses is thus seen to be proportional to the position of the arm 331 and therefore to the angle 484 which the course of the vessel 31 makes with north, as shown in Fig. 7.

As soon as the relay 4 I 5 is energized, the armature 418 will be snapped into the open position as shown in Fig. 8, thus deenergizing solenoid 32I, which will allow the clutch 300 to be disengaged. As soon as this occurs, the spring 321 will cause the am 325 to be rotated to its initial position against the stop 329 as shown in Fig. 8.

The 500 cycle energy impulse which is radiated by the antenna 263 on the vessel 31 is picked up by the antenna I50 on the vessel 2 I. This energy is amplified and passes through the filter and amplifier I53 to cause the energization of the relay I51, which in turn energizes the relay I6I. This causes the armature I11 to be snapped to the left into the position shown in Fig. 4 which breaks the circuit through the solenoids 238 and 252, the former causing the disengagement of the clutch 236 and the latter applying the brake to the plate 242 which is thereby locked in the position in which it is in at the moment 'of receiving the 500 cycle impulse. The plate 2 will then be returned .to its initial position under the action of the spring so that the pin 248 will be in engagement with the stop 246.

It will thus be noted that the plate 24| on vessel 2| will have rotated at the time of the reception of the 500 cycle impulse an amount which is proportional to the angle through which the arm 325 on vessel 31 rotated from its initial position to the position at which it engaged the contact 338. The plate 242 will be held in a' position equal to the angular rotation of the plate 24| and therefore proportional to the motion of the arm 325, which as already described is equal to the angle 484 which the course of the vessel 31 makes with north. It is therefore evident that the position of the plate 242 isequal to the angle 484 and as the plate 242 is connected to the ring 35 by means of the transmitter 254 and repeater 46, it is also evident that the angular displacement of the ring 35 with respect to the compass card 38 will be the angular deviation of the vessel 31 from north, represented in Fig. 1 by the angle 43I which is equal to the angle 484 in Fig. 7.

'In order to maintain the compass card 38 pointing north the magnetic compass mechanism 89 is provided. As already described the dial of this magnetic compass is composed of two semicircular segments 30 and SI of white and black material respectively. Light from the lamp I2I is focused by the lens II3 upon the dial of the compass 83 and when it is reflected from the white sector 90 it will be focused by the lens I20 upon the photo-electric cell I23, thus energizing this cell which in turn will cause'the energization of the sensitive relay I25. This will deenerglze the solenoid I26 thus allowingthe spring I30 to force the core I28 to the right. This will throw the switch I32 to the right which will cause the motor I33 to rotate in a counterclockwise direction, which by means of the pinion I35 will rotate the gear I36 in a clockwise direction.

This by means of the shaft I 05 and bracket II 6 will move the entire optical system to the left, as seen in Fig. 3 until the beam of light strikes the black sector 9|. As no light will be reflected by this black sector the photoelectric cell I23 will be darkened thus deenergizing the relay I 25 which will cause the energization of the solenoid I26. This will cause the reversing switch I32 to be moved to the left, thus reversing the motor I 33 which in turn will cause the optical system to 'be moved to the right until the beam of light strikes the white sector 90 when the operation just described will be repeated.

In this way the optical system and, therefore, the gear I36 will follow the movement of the compass dial with a slight hunting motion. The angular movement of the gear I36 will be transmitted by the transmitter 38 and repeater 4| to the compass card 38, so that this card will follow exactly the movements of the dial of the magnetic compass.

It can be seen, therefore, in Fig. 1 that the the propeller 369 (see Fig. 10) will be rotated in a well known manner. This rotation will be transmitted through the flexible shaft 368 and beveled pinions 361-366 to the governor 364 which will cause the sleeve 318 to assume a position on the shaft 365 which Is dependent on the speed of rotation of the shaft 365 in a well known manner. The location of the sleeve 318 will determine the angular position of the arm 382. It is thus seen that the angular position of the arm 382 is determined by the .speed of the Vessel 31 through the water.

As already described, the arm 360 at the vessel 31 has been slowly rotating in a counter-clockwise direction since the sending of the 400 cycle impulse. After-the arm 360 has rotated a sufficient amount, the pin 36I will engage the arm 382, thus closing a circuit from the battery 4 through the plate 290, bracket 308, shaft 396, arm 382, pin 36I, conductor 435, contacts 436 and 431, relay 218 and back to the battery 4 and also closing a circuit through the relay H3 and back to the battery 4| I.

This will energize the relay 218 which will cause 600 cycle energy to be transmitted by the antenna 263. The relay 4I3 is slow acting so that it will allow time for a definite length of 600 cycle impulse before the armature 4|1 is snapped into the position shown in Fig. 8, thus opening the contacts 436 and 431 which deenergize the relay 218, thus terminating the 600 cycle impulse.

The contacts 433 and 439 will also be opened, thus deenergizing the solenoid 322 which will allow the clutch to be disengaged. As soon as this occurs, the arm 360 will be rotated to its initial position against the stop 363 as shown in Fig. 9 due to the weight 359 secured to the righthand end of the arm 360.

The 600 cycle energy impulse which is radiated by the antenna 263 on the vessel 31 is picked up by the antenna. I on the vessel 2|. This energy is amplified and passes through the filter and amplifier I56 to cause the energization of the relay- I59 which in turn energizes the relay I69. This causes the armature I18 to be snapped to the left into the position shown in Fig. 4 which breaks the circuit through the solenoids 231 and 25I, the former causing the disengagement of the clutch 235 and the latter applying the brake to the plate 240 which is thereby locked in the position in which it is in at the moment of receiving the 600 cycle impulse. The plate 239 will then be returned to its initial position under the action of the spring so that the pin 241 will be in engagement with the stop 245. It will thus be noted that the plate 240 at vessel 2| will have rotated at the time of the reception of the 600 cycle impulse into an angular position which is proportional to the angle through which the arm 360 at vessel 31 is ro-' tated from its initial position. As the position of the arm 382 is determined by the speed at which the vessel 31 is travelling, as already described, it is evident that the angle through which the arm 360 has been rotated and, therefore,

the angular position of the plate 240 at the time of the reception of the 600 cycle impulse is proportional to the speed of the vessel 31. The angular position of the plate 246 will be transmitted by the transmitter 253, cable 18, and repeater 16 to the drum 66. It is therefore evident that the position of the drum 66 is proportional to this angle and therefore to the speed of the vessel 31 so that the speed of this vessel 31 may be read directly by the numerals 68 on the drum 66 at vessel 2| as shown in Fig. l.

The plate 208, Fig. 4, continues to drive the plate 2|5 at a slow speed in the opposite direction to the arrow shown on described. This slow motion is transmitted by the transmitter 232, cable 86, and repeater 85 to the drum 8| which continues to rotate slowly (see Fig. 5). When the captain of the vessel 2| hears produced at the instant that the 400 cycle radio this plate as already the sound of the whistle of the vessel 31 impulse was the push button I15, thus closing a circuit from the battery I12, Fig. 4, through conductor I13, push button I15, conductor I14, winding of the relay "I back to the battery I12. This causes the armature I16 to be snapped to the left, thus breaking the circuit through the solenoids 201 and 22I, the former causing the disengagement of the clutch I91-I98 and the latter causing the application of the brake 223 which will hold the plate 2I5 in the position in which it was in at the moment that the of the other vessels whistle. The plate 208 will be returned to its initial position with the pin 209 against the stop 2I0 under the action of the spiral spring 2I2. The position of the plate 2I5 is transmitted by the transmitter 232, cable 86, and repeater 05 to the drum 8|, so that the numerals 82 engraved on this drum will indicate the distance of the vessel 31 from the vessel 2|. The drum 8| has been calibrated by taking into account the speed of travel of the sound of the whistle through the air and the speed of rotation of the plate 208, which is determined by the speed of the driving motor I65.

When the three armatures I16, I11, and- I18 are in the left-hand position as shown in Fig. 4, a circuit will be closed 'from the battery 49I through two conductors 492 and 493 to a lamp 494, located in the plate I2, thus causing this lamp to light which illuminates the face of the instrument shown in Fig. 1. This is done so that the captain of the ship will know that the various dials and pointers are in their proper' positions to be read, as otherwise during intervals when the mechanisms are being set, these various dials and pointers might be in such positions as to to the position, distance, etc., of the other ship.

In order to apprise the captain of his own speed, the dial 65 is provided. This is operated continuously from the mechanism shown in Fig. 9. In this figure, the arm 382 takes up an angular position which is roportional to the speed of the vessel as already described. The motion of this arm is closely followed by the motion of the gear sector 393 by means of the photo-electric cell in the casing 402 and the follow-up motor 401 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the photo-electric cell I23 and motor I33 shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The motion of the gear sector 393 is transmitted by means of the pinion 395, gear 391, and pinion 398 to the electrical transmitter 399 which by means of the cable 11 transmits this motion to the repeater 15, see Fig. 3. This repeater turns the drum 65 so that its position is proportional to the position of the gear sector 393 and the arm 382, thus making it proportional to the speed of the vessel. In this way, the captain can read directly by the numerals 61 on the drum 65 the speed of his own vessel.

It is thus seen from the foregoing description that a means is provided for apprising the captain of a' vessel of siximportant facts: namely,

-(1) the direction of the other vessel from his own ship; (2) the course the other vessel is following with respect to the points of the compass and also with respect to his own direction of travel; (3) the speed at which the other vessel is travelling; (4) the distance of the other vessel from his vessel; (5) the speed of his own ship; and (6) the direction his own ship is travelling with respect to the points of the compass.

sent from the vessel 31, he presses captain heard the sound mislead the captain in regard spect to a predetermined compass point com-' prising, a transmission system adapted to transquencies and thereafter disconnecting said driving force fromsaid rotatable element, whereby mit a plurality of difierent frequencies, means for periodically transmitting for a short interval or time one of. said frequencies, a rotatable element adapted to be rotated from a positicn of rest against a returningiorce, :the position of a rest of said element representing the heading of the craft, a rotatable compasselement adapted to be maintained in a position corresponding to a known fixed compass point, said element being mounted in the path of said first named element and arranged so that the two elements contact each other when their directions coincide, means acting to apply a displacing force upon said rotatable element to drive the same at a predetermined. speed from its position of rest toward the position of the compass element, means acting upon contact of said elements for causing the transmission of an impulseot energy of a different frequency and for removing the force applied to said rotatable element whereby the rotatable element is returned to its position of rest.

2. In a navigational guide system, a primary vessel and asecondary vessel, means on the secsaid rotatable element is returned to its position of rest through the action of the returning force.

3. In a. system as describedin claim 2, a receiving system on the primary vessel including means for separating the various frequencies transmitted by the secondary vessel, a rotatable element adapted to be rotated from a position of rest against a returning force by the application of a driving force thereto, operable means for applying a driving force to the rotatable element on the primary vessel to cause the same to rotate at a speed which bears a predetermined relationship to the speed of rotation of the first named element on the secondary vessel, means acting upon the receipt of oscillations through said receiving system of the frequency of the said first named oscillations transmitted from the secondary vessel for rendering said operable means operative to apply said driving force and thereby cause said rotatable element to be driven about its axis at said predetermined rate, means acting upon the receipt of oscillations through said receiving system of the frequency of the said second named oscillations transmitted from the secondary vessel, for rendering said operable means r inoperative to drive said rotatable element =wherebysaid element is returned to its position of rest through the action of the returning force, and means for indicating on the primary vessel the extent of rotation of the rotatable element ondary vessel for transmitting information to the primary vessel to indicate on the primary vessel theheading of the secondary vessel, said means comprising a transmission system including a plurality of means for generating electrical oscillations of respectively different frequencies, selectively operable means for transmitting oscillations of any one of the generated frequencies, a rotatable element adapted to be rotated from a position of rest against a returning force by the application of a driving force thereto, the position of rest of said element representing the heading of the secondary 'vesselra compass controlled rotatable element adapted to be maintained in a position corresponding to a fixed point of the compass irrespective of movements of the secondary vessel, said two elements being mounted for rotation about the same axis where- A by the angle between the two elements while the first named element is in its position of rest is the angle of deviation of the heading of said secondary vessel from said fixed compass point, operable means for applying a driving force to said first named element to cause the same to rotate at a predetermined speed, means for rendering said operable means operative to apply said driving force and thereby cause said rotatable eiement to rotate about its axis at said predetermined speed and at the same time to operate one of said selectively operable means to thereby transmit for a predetermined time interval oscillations of the corresponding one of said fre-- quencies, and means actuated when said rotatable element is rotated an angle which corresponds to said angle of deviation, for operating another one of said selectively operable means to cause the transmission for a short time interval oi oscillations of another one of said irefrom its position of rest.

4. In a system as described in claim 2, a receiving system on the primary vessel including means for separating the various frequencies transmitted by the secondary vessel, a rotatable element adapted-to be rotated from a position of rest against a returning force by the application of a driving force thereto, operable means for applying a driving force to the rotatable element on the primary vessel to cause the same to rotate at a speed which bears a predetermined relationship to the speed of rotation of the first named element on the secondary vessel, means acting upon the receipt of oscillations through said receiving system of the frequency of the said first named oscillations'transmitted from the secondary vessel for rendering said operable means operative to apply said driving force and thereby cause said rotatable element to be driven about its axis at said predetermined rate, means acting 'upon the receipt of oscillations through said receiving system of the frequency of the said second named oscillations transmitted from the secondary vessel, for rendering said operable means inoperative to drive said rotatable element whereby said element is returned to its position of rest through the action of the returning force, and means for indicating on the primary vessel the extent of rotation 01. the rotatable element from its position of rest, said last named means including a compass controlled rotatable member adapted to be maintained in a substantially fixed position as respects a predetermined compass point irrespective of movements of said primary vessel, and means including a member rotatably mounted on said compass controlled rotatable member and so that its axis of rotation coincides with the axis of rotation of said compass controlled rotatable member for controlling the rotation of said rotatable member whereby said 'rotatable member is rotated an amount with respect to said compass controlled rotatable memr for transmitting to the her which represents the heading of the secondary vessel.

5. In a navigational guide system including a primary vessel and a secondary vessel and wherein means are provided on the secondary vessel primary vessel characteristic signals indicating the angle of deviation of the heading of the secondary vessel with respect to a predetermined known compass point, and means are provided on the primary vessel for receiving the transmitted signals and determining therefrom said angle of deviation, means on the primary vessel for integrating the heading of the secondary vessel-with the heading of the primary vessel and directly indicating the angle between said two headings, said last named means including a compass controlled rotatable device adapted to be maintained in a predetermined compass position irrespective of movements of the primary vessel, an indicator rotatably mounted on said compass controlled device and so that its axis of rotation coincides with the axis of rotation of said rotatable device, said indicator being adapted to be rotated by said second named means relative to said compass controlled device so as to indicate the heading of the secondary vessel with respect to the known compass point and indicating means associated with the compass controlled device and saidindicator for indicating directly the lubber line of the primary vessel and the angle between the lubber line and the heading of the secondaryvessel as indicated by said indicator.

JOHN HAYS HAMMOND, JR. 

